THEORIES OF MOTIVATION

There are various theories which aid us in understanding motivation. Some such theories are Herzberg's two-factor theory, Maslow's hierarchy of needs and many more. 

Maslow's hicherachy of needs

Maslow’s  Hierarchy  of needs  must be  one  of  the best  known motivation  theories in  the world. Maslow  is  a  good  starting  point  to  start  examining  the  different  motivation  theories.  Maslow starts with  the  idea that  people  always tend  to want  something  and  what  they  want depends  on what they already have. Maslow proposed that there are five different levels of needs people have to seek for satisfaction of  the basic  needs

Figure 1 As shown in figure 01 there are 5 different levels of needs which can be explained as follows;

1. Psychological Needs – These are biological needs which comprise of the requirement for oxygen, nourishment, water, and a generally steady body temperature. They are the most grounded needs in such a case that an individual were denied everything being equal, it is these physiological ones that would start things out in the individual's look for fulfillment. 

2. Safety needs – at the point when every physiological need are met and are never again controlling musings and practices, the requirements for security can end up dynamic. While grown-ups have little consciousness of their security needs with the exception of in the midst of crisis or times of confusion in the social structure, (for example, across the board revolting), kids frequently show the indications of weakness and the should be protected.

3.Needs for love, affection and belonging – this is when the requirements for well-being and for physiological prosperity are fulfilled, the following class of requirements for adoration, love and having a place can rise. Maslow states that individuals look to conquer sentiments of forlornness and distance. This includes both giving and getting adoration, warmth and the feeling of having a place.

4. Needs for esteem – when the initial three classes of requirements are fulfilled, the requirements for regard can end up overwhelming. These include requirements for both confidence and for the regard an individual gets from others. People have a requirement for a stable, immovably based, abnormal state of sense of pride, and regard from others. At the point when these requirements are fulfilled, the individual feels self-assured and significant as an individual on the planet. At the point when these necessities are baffled, the individual feels second rate, powerless, vulnerable and useless.

5.Needs for self actualization –  The improvement of this need depends on the fulfillment at the other four lower levels. It alludes to the need of self-satisfaction and to the inclination to progress toward becoming realized in what an individual has potential.

Maslow notes that one dimension of necessities doesn't need to be completely satisfied before an individual moves to the following dimension. The individual can be incompletely happy with one dimension and still look for fulfillment at the following dimension (Salanova & Kirmanen, 2010). 

Herzberg's two-factor theory

The foundation of Herzberg's work is in the Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. He began with the possibility that what causes the activities fulfillment are the inverse of those things that reason work disappointment.After a survey which he conducted he found out that what satisfies individuals is their specialty or the manner in which they're used and what makes individuals despondent is the manner in which they're dealt with. Things that make individuals fulfilled at work are unique in relation to those that reason disappointment so those two emotions can't be inverse. In view of these Herzberg created his theory of Motivators and Hygiene factors. The two elements can propel laborers yet they work for various reasons. Hygiene factors will in general reason just momentary fulfillment to the specialists while inspirations most presumably cause longer-term work fulfillment.  

Figure 2

As shown in figure 2 motivators are factors that cause feelings of satisfaction at work. These factors motivate by changing the nature of the work. Hygiene factors are those that the representative hopes to be in great condition. As sparks are those that at present reason fulfillment, cleanliness factors are those that don't cause fulfillment however in the event that they are inadequate with regards to, it causes work disappointment.

REFERENCES 

Salanova, A., & Kirmanen, S. (2010). Employee Satisfaction and Work Motivation – Research in Prisma Mikkeli. Mikkeli University of Applied Sciences.